Decanoic acid (CAS 334-48-5) properties

Decanoic Acid (CAS 334-48-5), also known as Capric Acid, is a saturated fatty acid belonging to the medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) family. This versatile chemical intermediate plays a key role in various industries, including chemicals, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food. Derived primarily from natural sources like coconut oil or palm kernel oil, Decanoic Acid features a 10-carbon chain that gives it unique properties such as moderate hydrophobicity—like oil repelling water—and reactivity for forming esters. Its importance stems from applications in lubricants, emollients, flavorings, and more, where it enhances product stability and performance. This article provides an overview of its molecular structure, physical and chemical properties, manufacturing methods, and major industrial applications, highlighting why Decanoic Acid CAS 334-48-5 is a staple in modern manufacturing.

Chemical Identity

Chemical Information and Structure

Physical and Chemical Properties

These properties influence how Decanoic Acid is handled and applied. For instance, its low solubility in water (like oil and vinegar separating in a salad dressing) makes it ideal for hydrophobic applications, while the fatty chain length contributes to its surfactant-like behavior in emulsions, enhancing stability in cosmetics and lubricants.

Structure and Chemical Behavior

Decanoic Acid's structure consists of a 10-carbon alkyl chain attached to a carboxylic functional group (-COOH), which is the reactive "head" that allows it to form salts, esters, and other derivatives—like a hook at the end of a chain for easy attachment. As a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), it balances hydrophobicity and solubility, making it less volatile than shorter chains but more reactive than longer ones. It exhibits good chemical stability under normal conditions but readily undergoes esterification, where the -COOH group reacts with alcohols to form esters, much like combining ingredients to bake a cake. This reactivity is key for its use in synthesizing fragrances, lubricants, and plasticizers.

Production and Synthesis Methods

Decanoic Acid is primarily produced through natural methods, such as the hydrolysis of coconut oil or palm kernel oil, where triglycerides are broken down into fatty acids—like extracting juice from fruit. Synthetic routes include the oxidation of decanol (a 10-carbon alcohol) or decanal, using air or chemical oxidants to convert them into the acid form. Aure Chemical provides high-purity Decanoic Acid (≥99%) suitable for industrial and laboratory use, produced under controlled esterification and purification processes to ensure consistency and minimal impurities.

Industrial and Laboratory Uses

(a) Chemical Industry

Decanoic Acid serves as an intermediate for producing esters, lubricants, plasticizers, and metal soaps, where its chain length provides optimal viscosity and stability—like the right thickness in motor oil.

(b) Pharmaceutical & Cosmetic Applications

In pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, it's used in emollients, ointments, and antiseptic formulations, leveraging its antimicrobial properties and skin-softening effects, similar to how lotion moisturizes dry skin.

(c) Food & Flavoring

As a flavoring agent and food additive (under regulatory limits), it imparts a mild fatty note to products, enhancing taste profiles in processed foods.

For industrial supply or technical data sheets, contact Aure Chemical — a trusted supplier of Decanoic Acid CAS 334-48-5.

Safety and Handling

Decanoic Acid is classified as an irritant, causing skin and eye irritation upon contact—like handling strong soap. Store in sealed containers away from heat and light to prevent oxidation. Use personal protection such as gloves, goggles, and ventilation during handling. For detailed guidelines, see our separate “Safety Data and Handling Guide for Decanoic Acid” article.

Related Compounds

Decanoic Acid is part of a family of fatty acids, similar to Nonanoic Acid (C9, CAS 112-05-0) which is shorter and more volatile, and Undecanoic Acid (C11, CAS 112-37-8) which is longer and less soluble. Compared to Caprylic Acid (C8, CAS 124-07-2), Capric Acid (Decanoic) has a higher melting point and stronger hydrophobic properties. See also: Decanoic Acid vs Capric Acid – Key Differences and Uses.

Decanoic Acid CAS 334-48-5 is a versatile medium-chain fatty acid with extensive industrial and laboratory applications. Its balance of hydrophobic and reactive properties makes it an essential raw material across chemical, cosmetic, and food industries.